加氢裂化装置脱乙烷塔顶气水合物生成条件研究

加氢裂化装置脱乙烷塔顶回流管道在寒冷的冬季容易出现堵塞现象,发现该堵塞物为气体水合物.管道中一旦生成水合物,会减小流通面积,产生节流进而造成阀门、一些设备以及管道堵塞,严重影响管道的安全运行.采用Chen-Guo水合物理论模型对某厂加氢裂化装置脱乙烷塔顶气生成水合物的条件进行了计算,结果表明,根据该气体组成,在脱乙烷塔操作压力3.05 MPa下,操作温度低于37℃即可生成水合物.分析了多种抑制水合物堵塞管道的方法,指出添加水合物抑制剂的方法可行,但还需要考察添加水合物抑制剂对液化石油气产品质量的影响.     

离子色谱法测定三氧化铬中氯离子和硫酸根含量

建立了离子色谱法分析测定三氧化铬中氯离子和硫酸根含量的方法。选用水合肼作为还原剂,将铬酸根还原成氢氧化铬沉淀,分离除去后,以5.0 mmol/L Na_2CO_3/1.0 mmol/L NaHCO_3为淋洗液,流速为1.0 m L/min的条件下分离测定。在0.1~20.0μg/m L的范围内,氯离子线性方程为y=0.300 3x+0.051 5,相关系数为0.999 7,检出限为0.016μg/m L;硫酸根线性方程为y=0.177 2x-0.000 5,相关系数为0.999 9,检出限为0.029μg/m L。经过方法学考察,精密度和稳定性试验,相对标准偏差结果均5%,样品中氯离子和硫酸根的回收率在81.4%~101.8%。     

Reactive molecular simulation on the ordered crystal and disordered glass of the calcium silicate hydrate gel

Modifying the properties of modern concrete highlights the decoding the molecular structure of C–S–H gel, which is the main binding phase in the cementitious materials. In this paper, the structural, dynamical and mechanical properties were investigated by using C–S–H glassy model and its crystal analog tobermorite 11 Å to represent the disordered and ordered molecular structure. By using reactive force field molecular simulation, the structural discrepancy for ordered and disordered phase was illustrated in respect of silicate chain skeletons, local structure of the calcium oxygen octahedrons and hydroxyl distribution. In the glassy model, the local structure of C–S–H gel, with defective silicate chains and distorted calcium sheet, is similar to the silicate glass phase of metallic ions. Furthermore, to predict the mechanical properties of the C–S–H gel and tobermorite, uniaxial tension testing by the reactive force field coupled with both the mechanical response and chemical response during the large tensile deformation process. During the tensile process, water molecules, attacking the Si–O and Ca–O bond, are detrimental to the cohesive force development in the C–S–H gel.     

促进天然气水合物形成的影响因素分析

天然气水合物(NGH)工业化生产中面临的主要问题是天然气水合物的合成速率较低。天然气水合物的生成反应为相间界面反应,任何影响气液相之间传质或传热的操作均可以增加天然气水合物的生成速率。结合影响天然气水合物形成的特点,从改善相平衡条件、增加气水接触面积和增加天然气的溶解度三方面介绍了促进天然气水合物形成的办法,并分析了各自的优缺点。     

Cu~(2+)/H_2O_2法降解高浓度偏二甲肼废水

采用Cu~(2+)/H_2O_2法降解高浓度偏二甲肼(UDMH)废水,以废水中UDMH的去除率作为检测指标,通过正交实验确定了该反应的主要影响因素及最佳工艺条件,考察了最佳工艺条件下的降解效果;针对化学需氧量(COD)去除率低的问题,探讨了降解中间产物甲醛和亚硝基二甲胺的变化规律。结果表明,H_2O_2摩尔投加量为UDMH完全矿化理论摩尔投加量的1.5倍(1.5Qth)、初始pH值为9、Cu~(2+)与H_2O_2摩尔比1∶10、反应温度为20℃、反应进行120min后,废水中UDMH的降解率达98.88%,COD去除率达92.59%。但Cu~(2+)/H_2O_2法处理时产生有毒中间产物亚硝基二甲胺和甲醛,反应后期甲醛迅速降解,而亚硝基二甲胺则难以去除。     

乳化沥青对水化硅酸钙孔结构及微观形貌的影响

针对未掺乳化沥青的纯水化硅酸钙和用Na_2SiO_3·9H_2O,Ca(NO_3)_2·4H_2O,NaOH,去离子水及阴离子乳化沥青合成的水化硅酸钙,采用氮吸附-脱附试验、X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)等测试方法对比研究了乳化沥青对水化硅酸钙孔结构及微观形貌的影响,并运用FHH模型分析了其表面分形特征.结果表明:纯水化硅酸钙和掺杂乳化沥青的水化硅酸钙比表面积相差较小,且微孔分布几乎一致,说明掺杂乳化沥青后插层作用和"开孔"效应并未发生;乳化沥青可促进水化硅酸钙形成孔径较大的中孔,减少孔径较小的中孔,而对大孔及微孔的孔结构几乎没有影响;纯水化硅酸钙和掺杂乳化沥青的水化硅酸钙表面分形特征存在差异;沥青表面乳化剂中的—COOM基团与Ca键合可使水化硅酸钙胶束包裹在乳化沥青颗粒表面.     

天然气水合物合成实验数据采集系统的设计

介绍了PCI-1711数据采集卡的性能，结合天然气水合物合成实验数据采集系统介绍了如何通过PCI-1711来进行数据采集和设备控制。     

Deep ocean bubble transport model coupled with multiple hydrate behavior characteristics

Submarine gas seepage is a widely observed process. In this study, a unified mechanistic model of bubble transport both inside and outside the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) was developed. Multiple hydrate-related behaviors were considered, including hydrate nucleation, hydrate film lateral spread, hydrate shell dynamic growth, hydrate dissolution and decomposition, and collapse and fracture deformation of hydrate-coated bubbles. Using the proposed model, a series of simulation studies about bubble dissolution and rising fate were conducted. The results indicate that the formation of solid hydrates in the deep-sea environment can provide a fairly effective barrier for the dissolution and shrinkage of bubbles, and the deeper the initial release water depth, the smaller the critical size of the bubble required for arriving at the water surface. Furthermore, the majority of gases released from the seafloor would be absorbed by the shallow oceanic layer, but larger bubbles could still pass through the water column to the atmosphere.     

Effect of surface curvature and wettability on nucleation of methane hydrate

Natural gas hydrate nucleation is a complex physical and chemical process that is not well understood presently. In this article, an improved thermodynamic model is proposed to analyze the effects of surface curvature and wettability on methane hydrate nucleation for the first time. The results indicate that methane hydrate nucleation is more difficult on hydrophilic curvature surfaces under the same conditions, with a larger critical nucleation radius and required energy barrier than on hydrophobic surfaces. Furthermore, a convex surface is more favorable for forming methane hydrate under the same conditions than a concave surface. The model's results are critical in elucidating the microscopic mechanism of methane hydrate nucleation and providing a theoretical foundation for developing technologies for strengthening and inhibiting hydrate formation.